Wall Street & the Bolshevik Revolution

The orthodox history of the Russian Revolution, like most "official histories", always seems somehow superficial, facile, lacking certain crucial details, despite the vast amount of literature available on the subject. One of the most important considerations when viewing major events in human history is always the question of who provided financial backing; this naturally shows who supported the idea and their subsequent behaviour often shows why. Or in other words, follow the money. The orthodox historiography of the Russian Revolution does not include, like so much else which threatens the status quo, detailed analysis of the financial backing and behind-the-scenes organisation which must go into a successful revolution. Instead we are treated to a deluge of pompous and nonsensical verbiage from the so-called revolutionaries themselves while the real revolutionaries, the instigators and planners, skulk back to their richly-appointed holes.

This book is the first in a series of three by British-born researcher Antony Sutton, the point of which is to irrefutably demonstrate Wall Street promotion and support of barbaric socialist regimes in the twentieth century in order to create captive markets for government-backed monopolies, and also to control international markets by creating false competition and various other deceptions. That there are only three books in this series naturally does not mean that there were only three totalitarian socialist regimes in the twentieth century; the point is simply to demonstrate a pattern; that this particular pattern involves two of the most barbaric regimes in human history, as well as one of the more obvious socialist experiments in the supposedly-capitalist USA, all involving the same relatively small group of (privileged & wealthy) people, is a particularly important point that should not be lost on the reader.

Leaving aside claims of inaccuracy by some reviewers whose hackneyed use of the epithet "conspiracy theorist" demonstrates they are too mired in the false left-right paradigm and consequently too ignorant of the intricasies of the individualist/collectivist argument (including the true nature of socialism) to be truly objective, and whose quibbles demonstrate they have misread, and therefore misquoted direct quotations, misrepresented facts, and generally read and reviewed the book with a view to "proving" the author wrong (and failing miserably), the author has in fact succeeded in doing exactly what he set out to do in this book: he has shown beyond any reasonable doubt that the Bolshevik Revolution was aided and abetted from the start by Wall Street. There is additionally the suggestion, not examined in great depth here, that it was not only aided and abetted from Wall Street but planned there as well.

Using unimpeachable primary documentation, mostly from government archives and personal memoirs, and backed up by meticulous research (this was, after all, the author's occupation) the author here presents the untold story of how Wall Street bankers and industrialists funded and helped organise the Russian Revolution, using the 1917 American Red Cross mission to Russia as the primary vehicle, aided and abetted by well-placed people within the US (and other) governments. This is not, I hasten to add, an implication of the Red Cross; the author is quick to point out that Red Cross missions have often been used for revolutionary purposes without the knowledge of administrators. But the fact that the American Red Cross mission to Russia was staffed predominantly by Wall Street bankers and lawyers, that they acted on behalf of Wall Street and Russian revolutionaries whilst on the mission, that official channels were often bypassed or ignored, and also that subordinate Red Cross missions (for instance that in Romania) suffered from a total lack of support or communication from their masters in Russia, are all well documented and astutely connected and summarised, as are the direct relationships between Wall Street luminaries, politicians and revolutionaries (or terrorists in the modern idiom).

Wall Street & The Bolshevik Revolution is concise yet incisive, well documented and well argued, impeccably referenced and researched. An essential addition to the history library and once again, like so many similar subjects, it is real history that SHOULD be taught in schools. The reason it isn't is explored in later books by Antony Sutton.

This book fails to identify that most of the capitalist interests were Jewish and 98% of the Bolsheviks were Jewish and they overthrew the Czar after he had already abdicated.The capitalist Jews in America were interested in the riches of Russia and creating a utopia.

The first failed revolution in 1905 ended with many of the Russian Jews scrambling out of Russia into Germany.They were lucky Germany took them in.
A much better book would be

The Culture of Critique: An Evolutionary Analysis of Jewish Involvement in Twentieth-Century Intellectual and Political Movements

There is an audio on line by Mr. Benjamin Freedman.He was there!And as a liaison between the parties involved for WW1 and WW11,which is related to the Bolshevik revolution.He has quite allot to say about that era.He knew the people involved as well as 7 presidents, including Kennedy.
Google article
By Benjamin Freedman, Seven U.S. Presidents
- Masters of Deception -
Jewish Pawns
Google: Judea declares a holy war on Germany.
Nothing is ever as it seems.

The Work of Antony Sutton!

Most Americans have not heard of Dr. Antony Sutton...but he is well known to the quasi-underground readers of revisionist history and
conspiracy theory...
There are others that have written about the same subjects as Sutton...Carrol Quigley(Professor of History at Georgetown University)...Werner Keller...Dr. Emanual Josephson...Gary Allen...Charles Levinson...etc...but none covered the subject in as great a detail and as broad an area and with the documentation that Sutton did...in Wall Street And The Bolshevik Revolution(Arlington House Publishers) he documents that a small group of Wall Street bankers financed the Bolshevik Revolution...in the 3 volume,Western Technology And Soviet Economic Development(Hoover Institution Press)these same groups actually built the
Soviet economic structure from 1917 to the
present...and it is this work, i believe,(in part) and the work of others documenting this subject that helped bring down the Soviet Union...if they financed the Revolution and built the economic infrastructure...then they controlled it...which is what they are doing today with the billions of dollars they are investing in the Peoples Republic of China...! Control of the economic structure of a country is real power not political power...!
Sutton has written about many other subjects but it is the above mentioned that are amoung the more important works...i believe they are available at...
www.amazon.com... you won't look at International Politics in the same way...again...
woody voinche
marksville, louisiana

Anthony Sutton's WALL STREET AND THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION is a series of case studies of powerful U.S. executives catering to the Bolsheviks or Communists beginning in the early 1920s. Sutton cites U.S. business leaders from the budding electronics industry, oil, agriculture, etc. who worked to subsidize the Communists and literally saved the Communist Revolution which tragically ruined the Soviet people and later those of Eastern Europe and Asia.

Sutton explores a supposed Red Cross mission which was political and not humanitarian. These people helped to provide food and business connections to Lenin & co. at a critical time when the Bolsheviks faced civil war with the Whites and a Polish invasion. The fact is that without U.S. business executives both in the "private sector" and government, the Bolshevik Revolution would have failed. Lenin's only solution to the bitter protest to his revolution was the use repression and concentration camps. Readers should note that Lenin had more political executions his first year in power than all the Czars, including the tyrannical Nicholus I (1825-1855)had in the 19th. century.

One interesting anecdote is Sutton's comments of the General Electric executives bankrolling the Soviets' hydroelectric projects beginning in the 1920s. One of the largest if not the largest hydroelectric power plant in the world was/is in the old Soviet Union. This facility helped the Soviets industrialize their empire quickly even at the expense of the poor souls who had to work on it.

Sutton is clear that Wall Street executives worked tirelessly to uphold the new Soviet regime. One wonders how the Soviets ever paid for any of this largesse of technology, industry, and huge projects. The fact is, the U.S. international business executives were most likely paid via the sucker U.S. taxpayers.

One of those corporate executives who was close to Lenin was the oil tycoon, Armand Hammer. His help was indispensable to Lenin and his supporters, and Lenin had Armand Hammer's portrait in his office. The Bolsheviks and later the Stalinoids were only too glad to do business with "The Running Dogs of Yankee Capitalism."

The agrument may be posed that the Cold War is over. Sutton's book is still useful. During recent U.S. military capers in Iraq and Afghanistan, some alert folks have cited the fact that America's wicked enemies are using U.S. made weapons and technology. This is exactly what Sutton alludes to regarding the death of U.S. military personnel re the Korean and Vietnam wars. While the names of the players (the enemies) have changed, the pattern is the same. There is credible evidence that the Saudi ruling family are arming Sunni insurgents in Iraq. This is similiar to the American authorities arming, directly or indirectly, the North Koreans,the Chinese Communists, and the North Vietnamese during the Cold War. Another interesting anecdote is the fact that during the build-up to the recent Iraq and Afghan Wars, a U.S. business executive was asked about the morality of arming and supplying "the other side." His response was that he would sell to anyone as long as they could pay for it. One should note that Reagan and Bush both supported Osama Bin Laden in teh 1980s when the Afghan rebels fought agains the Soviets. Then Pres. Reagan was warned but to no avail.

Maybe Sutton's book is an exposure or Orwellain wars and political machinations. The fact the Soviet authorities continued a Cold War for so long enabled U.S. authorities to spy and persecute U.S. citizens while for being Communists while doing big business with Big Communism. Pres. Nixon made a political career attacking Communists here in the U.S. while extending diplomatic and political overtures to the Communist Chinese and the Soviets. The wicked Communists did not play fair. The worst thing happened to the Communists when peace broke out, and they did have the Yankee Imperialist Devils to fear.

Anthony's book is instructive in that the examples and case studies sound all too familiar given the continuation of war scares and shooting wars. The only difference is the change of the enemies. Anthony Sutton's book is still relavent.

Author Anthony Sutton has done a remarkable job of documenting the insidious betrayal of the super wealthy American elite, who literally bankrolled the most brutal communist government of all time. If you have ever wondered why the very wealthy should seem to be sympathetic with communism, herein lies the answer. This is extraordinarily important information, which deserves a wide audience.

Should be read in tandem with Tragedy and Hope, to understand how the invisible power structure work to shape world events. A must read for those who wants to gain a coherent understanding with regards to the origins of the Cold War.

Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution uncovers and documents the how the richest of the rich wall street bankers and business people funded the bolshevik revolution. Sutton follows the paper trail and shows how people who on the surface would be seemingly at the opposite end of the spectrum covertly funded and promoted communism. Further proof that the left/right divide at the high levels is a total hoax.

Sutton deserves more credit than he gets because he actually did much of the research and leg work that has helped expose the new world order conspiracy. His stuff is often rehashed in other, much more well known, peoples work.

This book not only streches conspiracy to the limit but it certanly distorts the Russian Revolution itself. Apperantly the American elite funded the revolution to build and control its economy, why than was there no economy to speak of after 14 different armies from 14 different capitalist countries attacked the Russian working class to strangle the revolution at its birth from fear that people in their own country would rise against them. Dear ignorant people until then the country was controled by the working class politicaly and economicaly after that Stalin took control of the state smashed its socialist qualities and built a government and economy not at all socialist but state owned capitalist and so forth rose the abomonation called Stalinism not to be mistaken with socialism. The auther is one of many who immediately assumes that communism is "bad", but if any of you were simply to pick up the book "Das Kapital" writen by Karl Marx the inventor of socialism and see what socialism is you would be stearing at a wall in dismay thinking what is all the hype about. Poeple democracy is a socialist idea hellllooo before socialism it did not exist. I do not see at all how the elite supporting the revolution was to profit since the revolution itself was about ending supression of the working class, which is really how the elite profits, and returning not only political power to the people but also giving them full control of the economy and abandoning private and government ownership the latter was brought back by Stalin.

I do not know whether this was Suttons first book, but it reads like it is. The information would be far more effective arranged quite differently. Even the publisher did not correct either the authors style or his arrangement of the material.

Over all, I was disappointed. The style is sloppy, redundant at times and overly general when it needs to be specific. Linkages are may times vague and not born out by actual material, causation is then implied. A lot of the book is more "guilt by association" then guilt by actual evidence. This book could have been researched and written to be much more precise, clear and organized.

Many other books do a better job bringing out the hidden side of history. Unfortunately Sutton is not one of those books. For the price asked for it, I could not recommend him as a valuable source.

If a paper back version selling for $6.95 ever comes out, then and only then could I recommend spending any money on it.

_Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution_, first published in 1974 and republished here by Buccaneer Books in 1993, by noted economist and researcher Antony C. Sutton is an astounding tale of the involvement of Wall Street bankers in the Bolshevik Revolution. Antony C. Sutton (1925 - 2002) was a British born economist and conspiracy researcher who worked for a time at the Hoover Institute. His works attempt to show the involvement of certain individuals within the United States in aiding the rise of the Soviet Union. This book is the first of a trilogy focusing on Wall Street and its involvement in the Bolshevik Revolution, the New Deal, and Hitler's Germany. As Sutton explains in his Preface, the common notion that finance capitalism is fiercely opposed to Marxian Communism is entirely fallacious. Sutton maintains that this view of capitalism and Communism as two opposing forces which was first put forth by Karl Marx himself does not stand up to critique. In fact, it can be seen that finance capitalists and international bankers took an active part in furthering the Bolshevik Revolution in their quest for unlimited profits and their desire to tap into Russia's new markets. Further, as Sutton explains the quest for monopoly can be seen manifested in the realization of socialism in which all competition is stifled and a single monolithic state controls the means of production. Sutton dedicates his book to the "unknown Russian libertarians", the Greens, who in 1919 fought against both the Reds and the Whites. This book documents the role of Wall Street capitalists in financing the Bolshevik Revolution and actively promoting Communism. As such, it shows the apparent mutual antagonism between finance capitalism and Marxian Communism to be based on a false notion.

This book begins with a Preface where Antony Sutton explains how since the 1920s various books and pamphlets have been put forth attempting to provide a link between "international bankers" and "Bolshevik revolutionaries". Sutton maintains that his book is based on hard evidence and will show the commonly believed notion of capitalism and Communism in opposition to be fallacious. The first chapter is entitled "The Actors on the Revolutionary Stage" and begins with some examples showing the influence of Wall Street bankers on Bolshevism. To begin with, Sutton considers a cartoon of Robert Minor in 1911 for the _St. Louis Post-Dispatch_ showing J. P. Morgan, John D. Rockfeller, Teddy Roosevelt, and other Wall Street figures shaking hands with Karl Marx. This cartoon resoundingly expresses the sentiment feared by many that Wall Street played an active role in promoting Marxian Communism. Sutton finds the usual form of the political spectrum going from extreme left to extreme right as less than useful and instead considers the possibility of placing collectivism against individual freedom. Sutton argues that collectivism is based on monopoly interests and shows how in his infamous book _Confessions of a Monopolist_, Frederick C. Howe explains how the monopolist must enter into politics to increase his control. Sutton contrasts the interpretations of the revisionists such as Gabriel Kolko and Murray Rothbard with the more traditional views of individuals like the American ambassador George Kennan who maintained a false dichotomy between Wall Street financiers and the Communists. Sutton then explains the Bolshevization of Wall Street and how Wall Street financiers sought to increase their profits through developing a centralized Soviet Communism as opposed to a centralized tsarist Russia or a decentralized free Russia. The second chapter is entitled "Trotsky Leaves New York to Complete the Revolution" and traces the role of the internationalist Leon Trotsky in furthering the Russian Revolution. Sutton asks the question of how Trotsky survived in a capitalist America in New York and finds that he survived rather well surprisingly. Trotsky lived very well indeed and drove around in a limousine despite the fact that his supposed only means of income was through a meager writer's salary that could have barely covered his rent. Sutton then dares to consider the real source of Trotsky's funds to explain this discrepancy. Sutton examines such issues as the Overman Committee which investigated German money in the United States funding Bolshevism, Woodrow Wilson issuing a passport to Trotsky, Canadian government documents on Trotsky's release, Canadian military intelligence views of Trotsky, and Trotsky's intentions and objectives. Sutton notes that Trotsky's objectives were in line with the objectives of other American elites in creating the Russian revolution. In an ironic note, Sutton examines the Stalinist show trials of the 1930s in which Trotsky's name came up. During these trials, Trotsky was claimed to be in league with foreign aggression and international fascism. Such remarks make much better sense when put into the context surrounding Trotsky and the influence of international capitalists located at Wall Street on both Trotsky and fascism. The third chapter is entitled "Lenin and German Assistance for the Bolshevik Revolution" and explains how German officers aided Lenin through Lenin's transfer to Russia in April 1917. Sutton examines the Sisson Documents which are believed to be forgeries as outlined by George Kennan but which have been argued to prove a Jewish-Bolshevik conspiracy. Sutton considers the tug-of-war in Washington by examining the influence of U.S. officials and noting the prominent role of such individuals as Woodrow Wilson and the nefarious Colonel Edward M. House. The fourth chapter is entitled "Wall Street and the World Revolution" and shows the prominence of Rockefeller and Morgan interests in furthering the goals of World Revolution. Sutton considers the fact of American bankers and Tsarist loans, Olof Aschberg (the "Bolshevik banker") in New York in 1916, the role of Olof Aschberg in the Bolshevik revolution, the role of Nya Banken and Guranty Trust joining Ruskombank, Guaranty Trust and German espionage in the United Sates from 1914 to 1917, the Guaranty Trust-Minotto-Caillaux threads noting the role of Otto Kahn in praising socialist aims to be brought about through "non-socialist means". The fifth chapter is entitled "The American Red Cross Mission in Russia - 1917" and examines the role of the American Red Cross Mission to Russia as an operational vehicle of Wall Street financiers. Sutton provides a list of those involved with this mission, examines important documents, details the American Red Cross Mission to Romania, examines the role of Colonel Thompson (who gave Bolshevists $1 million) in Kerensky's Russia, considers the role of the socialist mining promoter Raymond Robins, and examines the role of the international Red Cross and revolution. The sixth chapter is entitled "Consolidation and Export of the Revolution" and shows how consolidation led to the export of the revolution. This chapter considers the role of William Boyce Thompson in the revolution, the role of Lloyd George and the British War Cabinet, and various unofficial ambassadors to Russia including Robins, Lockhart, and Sadoul. Sutton also explains how the revolution was exported to Russia and considers the case of Jacob H. Rubin (a mysterious figure and a banker who "helped to form the Soviet Government of Odessa") and Robert Minor (the cartoonist mentioned above who was active in promoting Bolshevik propaganda). The seventh chapter is entitled "The Bolsheviks Return to New York" and considers such things as the raid on the Soviet Bureau in New York, corporate allies of the Soviet bureau, and European bankers and the Bolsheviks. The eighth chapter is entitled "120 Broadway, New York City" and shows how those financiers who helped fund the Bolsheviks were all located in or around 120 Broadway in New York City. This chapter examines the role of American International Corporation, the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States, and the role of prominent Bolshevist proponent John Reed as an "establishment revolutionary". The ninth chapter is entitled "Guaranty Trust Goes to Russia" and shows the role of Guaranty Trust in promoting the Bolshevists. This chapter considers the role of Wall Street and Professor Lomonossoff, setting the stage for the commercial exploitation of Russia (the real goal of the Wall Street bankers in hopes of attaining access to Russia's vast natural resources), the struggle between Germany and the United States for Russian business, Soviet gold and American banks, and Max May of Guaranty Trust and the Ruskombank. The tenth chapter is entitled "J. P. Morgan Gives a Little Help to the Other Side" and shows the role of J. P. Morgan in financing both Communism and anti-Communism in accordance to Hegelian doctrine (thesis-antithesis-synthesis). Sutton considers the role of United Americans (a virulently anti-Communist group founded by Morgan), and the role of Morgan and Rockefeller and Kolchak (a Russian general who opposed Bolshevism). The eleventh chapter is entitled "The Alliance of Bankers and Revolution" and examines the evidence presented for this case. Sutton quotes from Georgetown professor Carroll Quigley to show that Morgan was active in financing various far left wing groups and then provides an explanation for this "unholy alliance" of big capitalists and communists. Sutton maintains that in the quest for profits capitalists sought to tap into Russia's enormous potential even if that meant financing Bolshevists. Further, as Sutton shows by examining an argument made by Gabriel Kolko (showing that railroad owners and not farmers wanted more regulation of railroads) the goal was ultimately to obtain monopoly through socialism by ridding the world of competition. As Sutton explains, "The gigantic Russian market was to be converted into a captive market and a technical colony to be exploited by a few high-powered American financiers and the corporations under their control." Sutton also examines the Marburg plan which allowed for the socialization of the world. Sutton concludes by noting that Wall Street, the Morgan-Rockefeller complex located at 120 Broadway, sought to achieve control over Russia by going to bat for the Bolsheviks in Washington. Sutton then shows the horrors wrought by the Soviet state and the Korean and Vietnam Wars in which over 100,000 soldiers died after technology was given from the United States to finance the Soviets. In sum, Sutton concludes that the Russian revolution was betrayed as maintained by the anarchist writer Voline. The book ends with several appendices. The first appendix provides a list of names of those involved among the bankers. The second appendix considers the issue of "The Jewish Conspiracy of the Bolshevik Revolution". Sutton will argue that the Jewish conspiracy notion has been discredited, but still it must be noted that a large number of those involved in implementing the Soviet state were of Jewish ethnicity. And the third appendix provides a list of documents which prove the involvement of Wall Street bankers in financing Bolshevism.

This book provides an excellent analysis of the role of Wall Street finance capitalists in furthering the aims of Bolshevists. Sutton shows that the apparent mutual antagonism between capitalist and communist as first put forth by Karl Marx is in fact a chimera. In fact, capitalists sought to increase their profits and attain monopoly by funding the Russian Revolution which gave birth to the tyrannical Soviet state.