The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall
The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall book cover

The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall

Hardcover – October 7, 2014

Price
$28.44
Format
Hardcover
Pages
320
Publisher
Basic Books
Publication Date
ISBN-13
978-0465064946
Dimensions
6.25 x 1.25 x 9.25 inches
Weight
1.15 pounds

Description

Kirkus “A rigorous sifting of evidence surrounding the final toppling of the sclerotic East German state. With extensive use of Stasi files, Sarotte finds that accident, rather than planning, caused the collapse of the Berlin Wall.... [T]his account amply conveys the universal amazement and excitement of the time.” Library Journal “[Sarotte] utilizes international reactions, publications, and interviews to highlight or offset her main narrative and in doing so creates a cohesive picture of a tumultuous nation whose oppressed yet hopeful citizenry sought the freedom they had been denied. Amply researched and emotive, this work shares the full narrative of events leading to the fall of the Berlin Wall in a way that both academics and lay readers will appreciate.” O.A. Westad, author of Restless Empire: China and the World since 1750 “History the way it should be written: world historical change, seen through the eyes of the people who lived through it, and a top historian who can tell us what it all meant. Highly recommended for everyone with an interest in global affairs.” Telegraph, UK “A fast-paced, fascinating account of the final weeks, days and hours of the wall.” Winnipeg Free Press, CAN “Brief, intense, and gripping.... Sarotte's effort is magnificent.... This is history at its best.” Washington Post's Post Everything Blog “The book that will haunt Vladimir Putin as long as he's in power.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette “The most definitive account to date of the events that led to the demise of the German Democratic Republic, the reunification of Germany and the end of the Cold War.... It is a scholarly work of considerable accomplishment, painstakingly researched, fastidiously documented.... This book is well-written, even fluid. Ultimately, it rewards the patient reader, who emerges with a deeper and richer understanding of one of the most astonishing and memorable events of the past quarter century.” Booklist, starred review “An inspiring and often thrilling account.” Publishers Weekly “This gripping, important account of a long-misinterpreted event is one of the most surprising books about the Cold War.” Economist Best Books of 2014 “A blow-by-blow account of the birth of modern Germany on November 9th 1989, when, at an otherwise dull press conference in East Berlin, a government spokesman said that a new law permitting East Germans more freedom to travel would go into effect immediately. It changed Europe for ever.” BBC History Magazine 2014 Books of the Year “This is history writing at its very best, full of drama and pathos, yet immaculately researched and elegantly written.” Zócalo Public Square 10 Best Books of 2014 “ The Collapse challenges our narrative of the Soviet Union's collapse, 25 years after the Wall's fall. Sarotte deftly balances individual human agency and contingency with larger political forces to show that the Berlin Wall coming down was neither inevitable nor the result of global power shifts alone.” Wall Street Journal “Sarotte runs a fine-tooth comb through the archives and gathers an impressive range of stories from the ordinary people at the heart of these extraordinary events. She is keen to dispel the kind of convenient ‘hindsight bias' which claims that the peaceful fall of the Wall was inevitable or engineered by bigger forces than human beings who wanted a different life.” Fredrik Logevall, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Embers of War: The Fall of an Empire and the Making of America's Vietnam “It's one of the most astonishing events in contemporary world history: the sudden fall of the Berlin Wall one autumn day in 1989. Mary Elise Sarotte tells the story with verve and insight, drawing on a wide array of previously untapped sources. The outcome, her gripping narrative suggests, was in no way inevitable, but resulted from a series of high-pressure decisions by individuals—many of them hitherto unknown—who might easily have chosen differently. A splendid book.” Angela Stent, author of The Limits of Partnership: US-Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century “In her compelling and fast-paced narrative, Mary Elise Sarotte reminds us that the end of the Cold War was not foreordained, but that courageous acts by East German dissidents, offhand comments by GDR officials, and the actions of one perplexed border-guard changed the course of twentieth-century history. This is essential reading for those who want to understand the role of contingency and human agency in the unexpected opening of the Berlin Wall.” Serhii Plokhy, author of The Last Empire: The Final Days of the Soviet Union “Meticulously researched, judiciously argued, and exceptionally well written, The Collapse describes the fall of the Berlin Wall from an unprecedented perspective. Mary Elise Sarotte weaves together numerous German, American, and Soviet accounts, allowing the reader to crisscross the Berlin Wall on the eve and in the course of its collapse. It will come as a surprise to many that that this climactic event in Cold War history resulted not from agreements reached in Washington, Berlin, Moscow, or Bonn, but from the uncoordinated actions of people on both sides of the Berlin divide. The Collapse makes it possible for those who made history in 1989 to speak in their own voices.” Rick Atkinson, Pulitzer Prize winner and author of The Guns at Last Light “A lucid, compelling account that illuminates the most astonishing event of the late twentieth century. With verve and impeccable scholarship, Mary Elise Sarotte tells a tale no novelist could have invented—the decline and fall of the Berlin Wall.” General Brent Scowcroft, former National Security Adviser “In The Collapse , Mary Elise Sarotte provides a needed (and highly readable) reminder that the peaceful culmination to 1989's dramatic developments was in no way inevitable.” Tom Brokaw “ The Collapse is a riveting and important account of the political chaos in East Germany that led to the fall of the Berlin Wall. Mary Elise Sarotte is a distinguished historian with a playwright's eye who gives us fresh insights and telling anecdotes about one of the most important nights of the late twentieth century." Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Harvard University Distinguished Service Professor and author of The Future of Power “The fall of the Berlin Wall was one of the landmark events of the twentieth century, but this great change involved accidental and non-violent causes. In wonderfully readable prose, Mary Elise Sarotte tells a compelling story of how history works its surprises.” William Taubman, Bertrand Snell Professor Emeritus of Political Science at Amherst College and Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Khrushchev: The Man and His Era “Can you believe that the fall of the Berlin Wall was a mistake? That the event that changed the world was the result of a series of misunderstandings? Mary Elise Sarotte's fine, important book, based on painstaking archival research as well as extensive interviews, will not only convince you, but entertain you as well.” Fareed Zakaria GPS Book of the Week “This is easily the best book on the fall of the Berlin Wall. It reads like a thriller, it's deeply researched and smoothly written. It will remind you how unlikely it was that the Soviet empire would collapse until one day it did.” Economist “[This] story has not previously been told...so vividly and comprehensively. [Sarotte] brings those dramatic days to life.... The events she describes are at times so unlikely and unfold so quickly that her plot would probably have been rejected in Tinseltown had she offered it during the Cold War.” Financial Times Best History Books of 2014 “An authoritative and fast-moving account of the events that led up to the collapse of East Germany.” Washington Post “Sarotte is a superb historian. She's ferociously intelligent, but what really separates her from her colleagues is her acute sensitivity to human drama.” Guardian, UK “Sarotte has produced a skillful, scrupulously documented, nuanced reconstruction of how a series of mistakes by East German leaders and officials...turned what was meant to be a carefully managed process of controlled opening...into the world's most celebrated festival of popular liberation.” Mary Elise Sarotte is Visiting Professor of Government and History at Harvard University and Dean's Professor of History at the University of Southern California. A former White House Fellow and Humboldt Scholar, she is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the author, most recently, of 1989: The Struggle to Create Post-Cold War Europe , a Financial Times Book of the Year. She lives in Boston and Los Angeles.

Features & Highlights

  • On the night of November 9, 1989, massive crowds surged toward the Berlin Wall, drawn by an announcement that caught the world by surprise: East Germans could now move freely to the West. The Wall—infamous symbol of divided Cold War Europe—seemed to be falling. But the opening of the gates that night was not planned by the East German ruling regime—nor was it the result of a bargain between either Ronald Reagan or George H.W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.It was an accident.In
  • The Collapse
  • , prize-winning historian Mary Elise Sarotte reveals how a perfect storm of decisions made by daring underground revolutionaries, disgruntled Stasi officers, and dictatorial party bosses sparked an unexpected series of events culminating in the chaotic fall of the Wall. With a novelist's eye for character and detail, she brings to vivid life a story that sweeps across Budapest, Prague, Dresden, and Leipzig and up to the armed checkpoints in Berlin.We meet the revolutionaries Roland Jahn, Aram Radomski, and Siggi Schefke, risking it all to smuggle the truth across the Iron Curtain; the hapless Politburo member Günter Schabowski, mistakenly suggesting that the Wall is open to a press conference full of foreign journalists, including NBC's Tom Brokaw; and Stasi officer Harald Jäger, holding the fort at the crucial border crossing that night. Soon, Brokaw starts broadcasting live from Berlin's Brandenburg Gate, where the crowds are exulting in the euphoria of newfound freedom—and the dictators are plotting to restore control.Drawing on new archival sources and dozens of interviews,
  • The Collapse
  • offers the definitive account of the night that brought down the Berlin Wall.

Customer Reviews

Rating Breakdown

★★★★★
60%
(235)
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25%
(98)
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15%
(59)
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7%
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Most Helpful Reviews

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Best Book I've Read This Year

East German dissident Marianne Birthler observed that outsiders felt "it was the opening of the Wall that brought us our freedom." Instead, "we fought for our freedom; and then, as because of that, the Wall fell." Ms. Sarotte quotes these words in the epilogue of her book that hammers home that very point.

It was not Gorbachev, it was not Reagan, it was the people of East Germany yearning for freedom. Their quest was aided by the incompetence of the East German regime and individuals who made critical decisions that pushed the process along. One person can make a difference, like Harald Jäger. He made the decision on his own to open the border crossing at Bornholmer-Straße.

Or we have four mid-level officials drafting a decree that had far-reaching implications that went far and beyond what the SED wanted to do. They had no intention of opening the Wall.

I can't praise this book enough. It gave me new knowledge on the fall of the Berlin Wall.
26 people found this helpful
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IT TOOK ABOUT TWO MONTHS

While the foundation for the collapse of the Berlin Wall was based on the Gorbachev reforms in the Soviet Union, the proximate cause of the collapse happened in East Germany in about two months.

On September 11, 1989, things really got going when communist Hungary opened its border with Austria. About 40,000 East Germans took advantage of this to escape to West Germany through Austria. On October 3, 1989, East Germany closed its border to Hungary and other communist countries.

On October 7, 1989, the East German government celebrated the 40th anniversary of the founding of its worker's paradise, accompanied by demonstrations which often turned violent.

On October 9, 1989, a massive demonstration was expected in Leipzig, the main center of anti-government activity. This activity was centered in the Nikolai Church and others, where people would demonstrate after Monday evening prayers. Thousands of armed security forces, including the army, police, secret police (Stasi), and paramilitary units were ready with orders to stop the demonstration by any means.

It was the aging Stalinist leader, Erich Honecker, was determined to stop the march at all costs. However, unbeknownst to the local authorities, the second in command, Egon Krenz, had already started a plot to oust Honecker, based on the theory that he was incapable of responding to events and saving the communist regime. As a result, local Leipzig leaders received conflicting reports from East Berlin on what to do next. Meanwhile, the marchers had swelled to about 100,000 and were approaching armed troops on the ring road surrounding central Leipzig. At the last moment the local communist leader ordered the troops to stand down because of the confusion locally and in East Berlin.

On October 16, another massive march took place in Leipzig. On October 17, the Politburo in East Berlin ousted Honecker and forced him to resign, replaced by Egon Krenz, now the new general secretary. One result of this was that the East German government eased the travel restrictions to communist Czechoslovakia.

The demonstrations got bigger with around 500,000 estimated in East Berlin on November 4 and another 500,000 estimated in Leipzig on November 6. Meanwhile, a crisis was developing in Czechoslovakia as East Germans flooded into the West German embassy there to seek asylum.

On November 6, the new East German government proposed a new travel law allowing East Germans to permanently emigrate out of the country, thereby obviating the need to go to Czecholslovakia. But they still needed to apply for permission and would lose their East German citizenship. A group of mid-level officials were given the task of drafting the new law. However, this group realized that the proposed law would not solve the problem and inserted language that East Germans would be free to visit any place and come back.

On November 9, the Central Committee passed the new law without anyone looking to see what the details were. They were used to approving just about anything submitted to them. At 6:00 pm that night media minister Schabowski was to announce the new law at a western-style live press conference. He had not read the new law and started stumbling through it on live television. He was rattled and apparently surprised to read that the new law allowed passage to West Berlin and was effective "right away."

East Berliners soon heard this news from West German television and crowds started moving towards the various checkpoints for entry to West Berlin. Meanwhile the border guards knew nothing about this and were totally unprepared. The scenes at the checkpoints began growing chaotic as crowds gathered demanding to enter West Berlin, especially at the biggest checkpoint Bornholmer Strasse. The border guards could not get any clear direction from their superiors who were equally confused. Before midnight the official in charge of Bornholmer Strasse decided to open the barriers on his own initiative and the rest is history.
5 people found this helpful
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My favorite book!

I recently re-read this book after purchasing it last year. It's become my favorite book!! It flows so well, it explains the structure of East Germany's politics in a way that is easy to understand, and it's very hard to put down. Once I started reading it, it was an instant page-turner and made me feel as if I were right there as the events of the fall of the Berlin Wall unfolded. I appreciate how it tells the stories of those who were actively involved on that night of November 9th, 1989, whose stories may have otherwise not been known. I'm greatly intrigued by the fall of the Berlin Wall and this book is my go-to anytime I want to dive into that time in history. :)
4 people found this helpful
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Read this book. OK, it's ancient history to you young folks now, but they need to know it.

I thought I knew the background to the accidental opening, having been close colleagues with a number of educated Germans in that period. Indeed I was in Goettingen not two weeks after the border was made free. (They took me on a Cook's tour to Muehlhausen, so I saw what the rural border looked like up close - the towers, the fence, the minefields, the "Trabi Highway", all of it. I also saw the dismal condition of what had been a busy and typically elegant German light manufacturing town before WW2.) Turns out even they didn't know the half of it. I read this book straight through in one sitting.
3 people found this helpful
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Perhaps one of the best hisotrical treatments of the topic

This book became (for me) a 'cannot put it down' thriller of sorts. The very chronological presentation of the specific elements leading up to the "fall" made this a very easy to read and comprehend historical account. I gathered from the acknowledgements that a LOT of the information was resourced through personal interviews with both participants and observers, which made it very real and personal. I highly recommend this book!
2 people found this helpful
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An inordinate fear of communsim, indeed

Jimmy Carter in his speech at Notre Dame University in 1977, wanted to get across the point that there was a moral equivalence of Communism and the West. He was one the first of the: All cultures are more or less equal camp. He should read this book and the Black Book of Communism. People like him won't read either book as they wish to remain morally superior while remaining 100% ignorant.

http://www.amazon.com/Black-Book-Communism-Crimes-Repression/dp/0674076087/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1439851361&sr=1-1&keywords=Black+Book+of+Communism

Anyway, life under Communism was deadening, poor and without any civil rights whatsoever. Communism doesn't work no matter how many times it is tried. The East Germans who bravely fought to end Communism in the DDR in this book are lucky. By the time they showed selfless courage in the different cities of the DDR, Communism was economically dead and spiritually dead. They were lucky because ten or twenty years earlier they would have been caught, tortured and shot. Nevertheless we owe them and the church personnel who supported them and encouraged them a debt of gratitude.

The book is short, taut and well researched. Send a copy to Obama and if you know him, Jimmy Carter. There is still a chance these two might actually learn something for a change. It's funny how both them got friendly with the old Communist leadership in Carter's case and Putin in Obama's case and then learn that in Afghanistan and Ukraine that these people are ruthless tyrants. Then they get peeved. Who did they think they were dealing with? The ignorance and self delusion is breathtaking.
2 people found this helpful
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A perfect storm of unintended consequences

This 25th anniversary week of the fall of the Berlin Wall on the evening of December 9, 1989 made it a perfect time to read Sarotte's book. I remember very well watching the television coverage that day, and the surprise of it, but what I didn't know was its accidental nature.

East Germany was in turmoil that autumn. Citizens were increasingly emboldened to hold weekly peace and freedom demonstrations, and smuggling out pictures and films of the demonstrations. These were shown on TV in West Berlin, and the many, many clandestine watchers in the east were further encouraged.

The Berlin Wall was still rock solid--in fact, attempted escapees over the Wall had been killed just weeks earlier--but escape via Hungary and Czechoslovakia was reaching near epidemic proportions. East Germans could travel fairly readily to their Warsaw Pact neighbors, and now these neighbors were no longer so willing to keep them from going over their borders to Austria and West Germany. Gorbachev was going full-speed ahead with his glasnost and perestroika reforms, part of which was telling satellites like East Germany they were on their own.

Hard-liner party chief Erich Honecker had worn out his welcome, even with the comrades, and was finally ousted in favor of Egon Krenz. Krenz delegated the job of coming up with a new policy for emigration to a small team, and they were instructed to get a move on before Czechoslovakia decided to close its border to East Germany.

In just one day filled with incorrect assumptions, failures to communicate, misunderstandings and a domino run of other lapses, this policy assignment resulted in the Wall's unintended opening that very evening. This is the amazing story Sarotte tells.

Sarotte spends about the first half of the book setting the scene and describing the escalation of demonstrations that autumn and the crises over emigration among the Warsaw Pact countries. Then it's on to the critical day, November 9, 1989.

This is a meticulously researched book, with Sarotte having the benefit of much Stasi material available, as well as numerous other archival sources. She personalizes the story by focusing on a dozen individuals whose names would otherwise be unfamiliar to westerners, showing the parts they played that fateful autumn and the day the Wall fell. The writing in the first half of the book is a bit dry at times, but these personal sides to the story and the sense of crisis she conveys keep it from being dull.

In retrospect, landmark events like the fall of the Berlin Wall seem obvious and inevitable. What Sarotte does so well is to show how easily it could have turned out very differently and violently, and how accident and human vagaries can come together to make history.
2 people found this helpful
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A Compelling Account of a Key Event in Contemporary History

I greatly enjoyed reading this book; it's masterfully written. The narrative of the events and decisions that lead up to the opening of the wall is absolutely fascinating. Equally interesting is the author's critical analysis in the final chapter; the juxtaposition to Tienanmen Square was most interesting to me.
2 people found this helpful
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Laser focused and great read.

This is a fantastic read. It’s laser focused on the opening of the wall, so it doesn’t try to bite off more than it can chew by trying to make a global theorem of the end of the Cold War. Rather it shows, with great detail, how the different events that directly led to the fall of the wall cams to be.

Highly recommend.
1 people found this helpful
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Five Stars

great book great service
1 people found this helpful