The United States has been engaged in what the great historian Charles A. Beard called "perpetual war for perpetual peace." The Federation of American Scientists has cataloged nearly 200 military incursions since 1945 in which the United States has been the aggressor. In a series of penetrating and alarming essays, whose centerpiece is a commentary on the events of September 11, 2001 (deemed too controversial to publish in this country until now) Gore Vidal challenges the comforting consensus following September 11th and goes back and draws connections to Timothy McVeigh's bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City. He asks were these simply the acts of "evil-doers?" Gore Vidal is the master essayist of our age. - Washington Post Our greatest living man of letters. - Boston Globe Vidal's imagination of American politics is so powerful as to compel awe. - Harold Bloom, The New York Review of Books.
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Most Helpful Reviews
★★★★★
5.0
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Agree with it or not, a message we need to hear
Gore Vidal has been a pain in the establishment's keester for fifty-odd years, and his gadflying has gotten sharper, pithier, and more valuable with the passing of each year. In this latest collection of essays, he dares to say something that many Americans are uneasily beginning to suspect but haven't yet dared to utter out loud: the reason "they"--the terrorists--hate us "so much" is at least partly because we're sometimes...well...hateable.
Vidal's *Perpetual War for Perpetual Peace* collects a handful of his recent essays ranging on topics from the presidential election of 2000, to homegrown terrorism a la Timothy McVeigh, to the moralizing conservatism of mainstream America, to an open letter to the FBI on whether McVeigh was acting alone. All of these pieces have been published previously, and indeed, some of them appeared in Vidal's last collection of essays, *The Last Empire* (2001). What's truly new and exciting about this book is its lead essay, hauntingly entitled "September 11, 2001 (A Tuesday)". Vidal tells us in his Introduction that the piece was originally commissioned by "Vanity Fair," but was refused publication because the editors thought it too inflammatory.
Inflammatory it unquestionably is, because in it Vidal argues for a thesis that is unpopular at the moment but just may make more sense as time goes on: that horrible as the terrorist attacks on the Trade Towers was, the Bush administration's high-handed wrestling to the ground of civil liberties in the attack's wake is worse. Vidal argues that the waging of war by the "Pentagon junta" is but another example of the U.S.'s misguided tendency to "wage war to perpetuate peace"--a misbegotten policy that has earned the violent dislike of terrorists like Osama bin Laden and Timothy McVeigh as well as the diplomatic disdain of much of the world. (At the end of the essay, Vidal provides an instructive 20-page account of U.S. military operations since 1949.) Vidal agrees that bin Laden needs to be brought to justice, but he argues that a police action, not all-out war, is the answer. The cowboy-style military campaign is only bound to make a bad situation worse. It may snuff out bin Laden (although even this isn't guaranteed), but as is the way with military actions, will inevitably generate more anger and resentment.
This book is bound to infuriate many American readers, even though I understand it's been a best-seller in Europe. I'm not sure I agree with everything Vidal has to say. Occasionally he's long on accusation and short on evidence. But the book deserves reading if for no other reason than it has the courage to ask us not to take for granted the virtue of our foreign policy in general and our reaction to terrorism in particular.
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★★★★★
5.0
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Vanishing Liberties.
What has made America a great nation in the eyes of the world over the last two hundred years, is not its major technological advances, it competent military or its advances in all the arts, but its original pure ideals on what constitutes a free society, and the inalienable rights of the individual living in that society. The founding fathers of the United States knew all too well the corruptive nature of power. The creation of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights would ensure that those within its government seeking absolute power could be kept in check. In this ideal society, the state has limited power over its citizens, but just enough power to maintain peace within its borders. What is shocking about this short collection of essays by Gore Vidal, is he soberly illustrates with hard fact examples, particularly since the Oklahoma bombing and the events of 9/11, that the Bill of Rights and the important principles it states, protecting the rights of all citizens, is being manipulated to serve a small elite. The people are slowly, over time, losing their rights, because it is said, for their own protection.
As a child growing up in the United States, there were three things I was taught, and that was always to respect the rights of others, always say please and thank you, and Governments always lie. "Never believe a politician, son. Because no matter what they say, there is always a hidden agenda." Time and again, this simple statement has turned out to be true. Sometimes their lies are found out. As a people, however, we have a tendency to forgetfulness, a kind of in-built amnesia, to then blindly vote our dubious leaders back into office. Facing the awful truth, in most cases, is much too hard, because it is easier to accept sugarcoated reasons, media-generated propaganda, and not take responsibility and face the fact that at least part of the problem is with us.
Vidal points out that there has been nearly two hundred `incursions' since 1945..."in which the United States has been the aggressor." As he states in the introduction, "It is the law of physics (still on the books when last I looked) that in nature there is no action without reaction. The same appears in human nature - that is, history." (ix) Might the two terrible events of Oklahoma and 9/11 be the result of past military `incursions' by the U.S. and her allies in other countries?
I found this collection of essays to be both incredibly disturbing and enlightening at the same time. In fact, after finishing the book, sleep became difficult. I don't know whether the United States knows it or not, because it is the most powerful nation in the world, and therefore an example to us all, what they do or not do, affects the entire planet. Australia has always looked to America as an example, (whether we care to admit it or not) and I don't like where our big brother is leading us at the moment.
The basic premise of Vidal's book is the ultimate damage from terrorism is not a physical one, but the true knockout blow is our vanishing liberties. Those in power submit that we must sacrifice or freedoms because we're at war. I submit, without our God given liberties, our rights as contributing members of society; war is moot, because there's nothing else worth fighting for.
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★★★★★
3.0
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A Matter of Tone
The most controversial thesis in Gore Vidal's writings about Timothy McVeigh is that McVeigh's motivations are worth understanding. The Oklahoma bomber is worth understanding on his own terms, and so are Randy Weaver, David Koresh, even Osama bin Laden (who most certainly had something to say to us). Instead, such people are killed (Koresh and Weaver were killed without due process) and misrepresented by the justice system and a press that is free, but effectively monopolized. What is the "national interest" that competes with understanding the motivation for militia groups, for "strikes" such as McVeigh's destruction of the Murrah Building in Oklahoma City?
The real topic of Vidal's book is the national security state established in 1947 when Dean Acheson advised President Truman to "scare the hell" out of Americans about the Russians in order to justify an ongoing wartime budget that far exceeds mere "preparedness" into a cold assurance - and sells out the electoral system to corporate interests.
It is sad to finish this dissenting pamphlet, consisting of short writings on the military-industrial complex and our criminal justice system in light of the "war on terrorism" (along with several articles of our Bill of Rights). It is sad to finish it and feel so uninspired. Vidal, one of our finest writers and a credible voice from the left, should be able to build a compelling dissent based on fact, reason, and an appeal to our respect for the ideals expressed in our Constitution. If anyone could reach a skeptical audience, surely Vidal could.
But this book is too easy. It is very light on data (there are few footnotes, mainly references to more heavily researched material), not particularly well organized, and its tone is smug and cynical rather than earnest. Instead of appealing to all thoughtful Americans, Vidal plays standup comic for the left with a relentless stream of wisecracks. For one sympathetic to his point of view, and desiring serious dialogue on the issue, it is discouraging.
Furthermore, personal prejudices are betrayed. For instance, is there one reference to former FBI Director Louis Freeh that lacks an unflattering reference to his Catholicism (including jokes about hair shirts)?
Vidal practically begs to be mariginalized as an "extremist," which only makes it easier to unplug our press feed. We dissidents cannot afford to be snide; we must work hard for the moral ground. We must compell and inspire. (Think MLK, not Al Sharpton.) It requires hope rather than cynicism and liberal despair. It requires loving our foes, and finding the fuel companies, the CEO's, and the generals "well worth understanding."
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★★★★★
5.0
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Well done
Short and a easy read about 9-11 and the Oklahoma City bombing. Gore Vidal exposes the hypocrisy and the blatant amorality of the federal government and it's foreign and domestic policies.
Unlike many rah rah conservative writers who don't question or look too deeply into government policies, Gore does. What he finds is not pretty nor does he let idealogy blind him to what has and is occuring in this country.
This book should be required reading for anyone who feels something is wrong in the way the country is headed. Unlike some ultra-liberal gas bags whose writings are ponderous or certain conservative talking heads whose lack of intellect is shown in their writings, Gore is a delight to read, he has a terrific acerbic wit and is not afraid to use it. In short a modern day Twain.
In my opinion the best part is his dialog with McVeigh. This is worth the price of the book alone. All I can say is read it! It will suprise, anger, and inform you.
The only fault is the chronological layout of the book. The pub. should have corrected this. It jumps from 9-11 to OKC bombing and ending with a letter to Bush Jr. on his inaguration.
It is sure to anger Conservatives and their ilk. Then again anything Gore writes does.
30 people found this helpful
★★★★★
3.0
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I Expected Better
Basically a pastiche of articles from Vanity Fair, the Nation, and an unnamed Italian journal, the booklet would more aptly be subtitled "How Our Government Got To Be So Hated By So Many Of Its Citizens", right-wing citizens, that is. The main title led me to believe this would be Vidal's caustic response to Sept. 11, and the eruption of so-called international terrorism to which the President has pledged war without end. And while there is a brief chapter on that topic, the main thrust concerns Timothy Mc Veigh and domestic terrorism. This is not necessarily a bad thing, since Vidal accesses a range of left opinion that has not by and large concerned itself with the story behind the Oklahoma City bomber. Personally, I found those chapters highly revealing and helpful in fleshing out a view of Mc Veigh and what he represents. Nonetheless, I was disappointed in the overall result which is largely fragmentary and even padded, (the 20 pages enumerating US campaigns abroad since 1947 is of contextual interest but does take up one-eighth of the total text). And though the author's famous mordant wit is on abundant display, I get the feeling the booklet was patched together in response to the commercial demands of Sept. 11--but that's a somewhat cynical observation on the master cynic himself. Still and all, readers looking for context to that horrific event or Bush's hegemonic doctrine of perpetual war for perpetual peace would do well to look elsewhere.
23 people found this helpful
★★★★★
4.0
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An important voice
We of a certain political bent welcome the viewpoints of learned observers such as Gore Vidal and Noam Chomsky among precious few others. This short book puts a magnifying glass on the recent events post-9/11 as well as the McVeigh drama. Vidal has some pet topics, which find their way into this work, but for the most part the book is a sober coherent look at the role of the U.S. in the world today and the very shaky hands that are at the wheel.
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★★★★★
4.0
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Not perfect but asks the right questions
I bought this book a few months after the terrorist attacks of September 11th because of the second half of its title, "How We Came To Be So Hated". Like most Americans, this is a question I continuously asked myself during and after September 11th, and as much as I wanted to believe the official, "Oh they're just jealous of us" explanation it was simply inadequate. In this collection of witty and often self-congratulating essays Vidal does an admirable job of answering that question. His conclusions about why so many foreign nationals hate the United States are hardly revealing to anyone who has read and researched in this area.
The truly interesting part of this book, however, is Vidal's focus on domestic terrorism in America and especially the Oklahoma City bombing of 1995. Vidal corresponded with the notorious Oklahoma City bomber, Timothy McVeigh and gained much insight as to his motives for murdering so many of his fellow citizens. During the course of his communication with McVeigh, Vidal came to the same powerful conclusions about him, as did his lawyer Stephen Jones. Chief among these was the belief that McVeigh did not act alone, and that he was responding to what he felt was a rogue government that was out to destroy the lives of rural American families. Vidal points out that McVeigh came from a family of dispossessed farmers from upstate New York and that many of the people with whom he collaborated shared a similar status in the Midwest. Many families lost their farms to large agricultural conglomerates whose efforts to destroy family farms and then consolidate them were fully supported by the government. As a result, according to Vidal, millions of rural American know that their way of life is being destroyed, but they don't have a clear perception of who is doing this and how they are doing it. Consequently, radical militant fringe groups have gained tremendous popularity by advocating violence against perceived enemies including minorities and the federal government.
Vidal concludes that while attacks from al Quaeda and domestic terrorist groups bear no relationship to each other they do have much in common including a powerful hatred of American government policies and a willingness to view civilian targets as collateral damage. Anyone who finds Vidal's reasoning to be absurd should probably check out sociologist Mark Jurgensmeyer's book, "Terror in the Mind of God". Jurgensmeyer's conclusion--that among other things, terrorists around the globe share powerful feelings of humiliation, a sense of impending marginalization, and the conviction that they are engaged in an apocalyptic "all or nothing" struggle against their oppressors--strongly supports much of Vidal's thinking in this book.
Vidal may not have all the right answers and I'm not sure to what extent I agree with many of his conclusions, but because he is one of the view voices in public life who is asking the right questions, I strongly recommend this book.
21 people found this helpful
★★★★★
4.0
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Yoda speaks...are the Jedis listening?
"...Even so, Mr. President Elect, there is an off chance that you might actually make some difference if you start now to rein in the warlords. Reduce military spending, which will make you popular because you can then legitimately reduce our taxes instead of doing what you have been financed to do, freeing corporate America of its small tax burden."
Gore Vidal
PERPETUAL WAR FOR PERPETUAL PEACE
Gore Vidal would not be Gore Vidal if he left the topic of this book at merely proving the more than 200 instances of United States "pre-emptive strike" military incursions that have taken place since the end of World War Two, proving the existence of the philosophy in the Pentagon that is sarcastically referred to by the title of the book. Vidal traces the dangerous link between Timothy Mcveigh and Osama bin Laden to moral anamolies in American foreign and domestic policy in much the same way one could trace the otherwise unrelated illnesses of heart disease and lung cancer to cigarette smoking. In so doing he demands us, whether or not we come to the same conclusions, to look at our own cultural selves and our country's leaders with new eyes: the eyes of much of the rest of the world.
Vidal is often too postmodern for his own good. As he approaches his late seventies (he is the author of twenty-two novels, tons of essays, plays and screenplays and was one of President Kennedy's best friends) his all too self-conscious "ascerbic wit" has begun to have a harder than necessary edge to it. You can almost see how the conversations he is writing for us have really become conversations he is having with himself, in the way a wise old man, slowly but inexplicably driving to Curmudgeonville after giving up on his audience or would-be students ever getting a clue would do. Yet the pearls of wisdom that thread through both this work and his infinitely insightful mind makes the book immeasurably important, and go a lot further in explainnig the souce of both his cynicism and the repressed, near uncontrollable passion he has for his country.
Something is missing in America today, something deeply important for the American soul. When that thing is concentrated or exaggerated to the point of absurdity in an individual (in inverse proportion to its absence in the culture) it produces the actions of the men who form the subject of several of his essays. But the value of this unnamed thing--and the fact that it is missing from our culture in areas where it is needed: our relationship with the non-rich world in and outside of our boundaries--comes clear with every page. That is the magic of great writers: making something invisible felt between every written word.
Vidal is a master whose talent nor reputation have ever been overstated. This book, which shockingly though unfortunately understandably could not be published in America when it was first written, is another of his gifts to the country he loves so much.
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★★★★★
2.0
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Not Vidal's Best
I'm generally a fan of Vidal, and I admire him for speaking his mind. When I picked up this book thinking it was his take on 9/11, I was disappointed to find that most of it was about Timothy McVeigh.
The first piece in the book is about 9-11, but it doesn't say much, and it ends abruptly with a list, several pages long, of US military actions. Most of these are against Serbia and Iraq, which I consider to be two campaigns, not a dozen (though he is technically correct of course). One action in Turkey in August of 1999 may actually have been a humanitarian effort after the Istanbul quake that killed 20,000. (I remember it well for my wife was in Turkey at the time). So, the first essay was a non-starter.
Subsequent bits were about McVeigh and Vidal. Vidal gets some mileage from the fact that neither Vanity Fair or the Nation printed these articles, the implication being that they were too hot to handle. Strangely, I didn't get any heat at all, and suspect that they weren't published simply because they weren't very good.
This being said, Vidal cites two books that seem interesting: Joel Dyer's "Harvest of Rage" and David Hoffman's "The Oklahoma City Bombing and the Politics of Terror." The Hoffman book, though published in August of 1998, is already out of print and available for a steep premium from used-books sellers. It was either too good and a danger or it simply didn't sell. The premium suggests it's causing someone some discomfort...
21 people found this helpful
★★★★★
5.0
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Reasoned Critique of American Policy
I heard about Gore Vidal's "inflammatory" essay about 9/11 long before I actually read it. The consensus seemed to be that Vidal had succumbed to senility of some sort, a bitchy old queen in his dotage subscribing to conspiracy theories on the level of Loose Change. Instead of a screed, I got a well reasoned attack on America's foreign policy and how that policy may well create terrorists - all so the US has the excuse to fight them. The ultimate benefit of the war on terror is a corporate sponsored government that no longer represents the people, the institutionalization of greed and corruption, the dismantling of America's Bill of Rights and the further entrenchment of the military industrial complex that Eisenhower spoke so eloquently against.
Can anybody observing the current state of the world argue that this isn't our current state? And given that and that this benefits a very specific and small group of powerful people, that those people in fact conspire to keep things this way? If anything, Vidal was measured in his attacks on the wars on terror and drugs and how this benefits multinational corporations and the people who control them. We are no longer governed by our representatives, bought as they are via corporate donation and sponsorship, but by corporate megaliths whose interests may not even reside in the United States. The essays with these themes provided a lot of food for thought and read easily with Vidal's trademark wit.
The essay on McVeigh was slightly harder to get a handle on. Just why did McVeigh participate in the bombing of a federal office building in Oklahoma City, if indeed he did and if he did not, why did he take the blame for it? Vidal doesn't provide any answers, easy or otherwise, except in one instances where he muses that McVeigh was born in the wrong era - that his was a personality that needed a cause to which he could dedicate his entire existence such as the abolition of slavery or the fighting of a "moral" war but instead he is stuck in our current era of confusion, helplessness and apathy. That rang true, but did little to explain why a person of such fierce morality would or could condone the collateral murder of innocents even as part of a military target as an act of war. McVeigh remains a mystery, though Vidal once again provides questions to ponder.
All in all, a solid and occasionally brilliant collection of previously printed essays. I highly recommend Vidal for his wit, erudition and content; as an essayist he really does have it all.